Digital Bibliographies

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Digital Bibliographies


The goal of this page is to list and to explore digital bibliographies.
Ideally, through the examination of exemplars and through the listing and ranking of items, a consensus
can emerge of what constitutes the essential elements as well as those important for other reasons.
Having such a list and exemplars and creating new exemplars can only help current and future scholars.

Being involved in the study of digital bibliographies may lead to creating one appropriate for penmanship,
handwriting, copy books, writing books, and other important related items.


Examples of digital bibliographies


1. In rank order of value to describe the book, as in paper bibliographies
  • Complete description of physical size of object in millimeters
  • Notes on the haptics of using the item in its original, physical form
  • Listing of several existing physical copies of the book, and their variations, if any
  • Notes on the political, social, economic, religious, or other pressures at that are presumed to have affected or created the original material
  • Revisions, re-interpretations, remixes, other media format, or otherwise reconfigured version of the original
  • Notes on the bibliographer's intent and goal in creating this record, with notes as to limitations
  • Notes by the bibliographer as to possible uses of this material, and/or future efforts that should be undertaken with the existing material
  • Software used to create bibliography, as well as the limitations or strengths of the software
  • Future maintenance and upgrade path intended for the digital bibliography


2. In rank order of value related to existing library systems
  • MARC record information
  • Metadata
  • TEI


3. In rank order of value related to emerging or future library systems
  • Complete digital copy of book, embedded in bibliography; JPEG, TIFF, PDF, JPEG2000, PNG
  • Description of typeface, paper weight, paper composition, binding, etc., so item could be recreated in its entirety from information provided
  • Linked data information
  • Data sets


4. In rank order of current consumer technology used for information and data
  • Permanent link to Wikipedia
  • Permanent link to Wikimedia
  • Permanent link to a scholarly website
  • Permanent link to a page on Hathi Trust
  • Permanent link to Google books
  • Permanent link to Google images of book
  • Permanent link to Internet Archive book
  • Permanent link to Digital Public Library of America book
  • Permanent link to a historical society or museum site on the book or author
  • Permanent link to an image or images of the book
  • Permanent link to WorldCat page of book
  • Embedded images from Google books


5. Social media elements, in rank order to improve search engine optimization
  • Link, Amazon page about book or author
  • Link, Facebook page about book or author
  • Link, Youtube about book or author
  • Link, Instagram collection about book or author
  • Link, Flickr collection about book or author
  • Link, Pinterest collection about book or author


6. Search engine elements
  • Variant spellings of book or author's name, including common misspellings
  • List of subject, keywords, and common everyday words that might be used to search for book, subject, or author


7. For books or items for which there is no known physical copy
  • Permanent link to Google images related to book
  • Embedded images from Google books of related material


Examples of paper bibliographies


A list of the elements of paper bibliographies